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Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Vicente Ayala was born on July 19, 1922, in Tizapotla, Morelos, México; at a young age, he began to work in his family’s fields; he had no formal education; experienced as a field laborer, he performed work for…

Vidal Tafoya was born April 28, 1948, on a ranch in Tarengo, [Jalisco] México; his parents were campesinos, and he had six siblings; he was formally educated through the third grade; by the time he was eleven years old, he was already working in the…

On a Texas farm, 200 braceros, stacked like drygoods, share a long, shed-like building with double-deck canvas beds. Such close living conditions cause respiratory illnesses among the braceros.

Braceros often lived in harsh and substandard conditions. Incidence of respiratory illness became a serious problem in such conditions, with many braceros afraid to report infection for fear of being sent home.